608 lines
31 KiB
XML
608 lines
31 KiB
XML
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
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[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
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<chapter id='ref-manual-intro'>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<section id='intro-welcome'>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>
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This manual provides reference information for the current release
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of the Yocto Project.
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The Yocto Project is an open-source collaboration project focused
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on embedded Linux developers.
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Amongst other things, the Yocto Project uses the OpenEmbedded build
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system, which is based on the Poky project, to construct complete
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Linux images.
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You can find complete introductory and getting started information
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on the Yocto Project by reading the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;'>Yocto Project Quick Start</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>
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For task-based information using the Yocto Project, see the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Development Manual</ulink>
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and the <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual</ulink>.
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For Board Support Package (BSP) structure information, see the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;'>Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
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For information on how to use a Software Development Kit, (SDK), see the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_SDK_URL;'>Yocto Project Software Development Kit (SDK) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
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You can find information on tracing and profiling in the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;'>Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual</ulink>.
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For information on BitBake, which is the task execution tool the
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OpenEmbedded build system is based on, see the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
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Finally, you can also find lots of Yocto Project information on the
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<ulink url="&YOCTO_HOME_URL;">Yocto Project website</ulink>.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='intro-manualoverview'>
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<title>Documentation Overview</title>
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<para>
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This reference manual consists of the following:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='usingpoky'>Using the Yocto Project</link>:</emphasis>
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Provides an overview of the components that make up the Yocto Project
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followed by information about debugging images created in the Yocto Project.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='closer-look'>A Closer Look at the Yocto Project Development Environment</link>:</emphasis>
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Provides a more detailed look at the Yocto Project development
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environment within the context of development.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='technical-details'>Technical Details</link>:</emphasis>
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Describes fundamental Yocto Project components as well as an explanation
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behind how the Yocto Project uses shared state (sstate) cache to speed build time.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='migration'>Migrating to a Newer Yocto Project Release</link>:</emphasis>
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Describes release-specific information that helps you move from
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one Yocto Project Release to another.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='ref-structure'>Directory Structure</link>:</emphasis>
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Describes the
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink> created
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either by unpacking a released Yocto Project tarball on your host development system,
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or by cloning the upstream
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#poky'>Poky</ulink> Git repository.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='ref-classes'>Classes</link>:</emphasis>
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Describes the classes used in the Yocto Project.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='ref-tasks'>Tasks</link>:</emphasis>
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Describes the tasks defined by the OpenEmbedded build system.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='ref-devtool-reference'><filename>devtool</filename> Quick Reference</link>:</emphasis>
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Provides a quick reference for the <filename>devtool</filename>
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command.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='ref-qa-checks'>QA Error and Warning Messages</link>:</emphasis>
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Lists and describes QA warning and error messages.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='ref-images'>Images</link>:</emphasis>
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Describes the standard images that the Yocto Project supports.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='ref-features'>Features</link>:</emphasis>
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Describes mechanisms for creating distribution, machine, and image
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features during the build process using the OpenEmbedded build system.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='ref-variables-glos'>Variables Glossary</link>:</emphasis>
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Presents most variables used by the OpenEmbedded build system, which
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uses BitBake.
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Entries describe the function of the variable and how to apply them.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='ref-varlocality'>Variable Context</link>:</emphasis>
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Provides variable locality or context.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='faq'>FAQ</link>:</emphasis>
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Provides answers for commonly asked questions in the Yocto Project
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development environment.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>
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<link linkend='resources'>Contributing to the Yocto Project</link>:</emphasis>
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Provides guidance on how you can contribute back to the Yocto
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Project.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='intro-requirements'>
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<title>System Requirements</title>
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<para>
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For general Yocto Project system requirements, see the
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"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</ulink>" section
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in the Yocto Project Quick Start.
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The remainder of this section provides details on system requirements
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not covered in the Yocto Project Quick Start.
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</para>
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<section id='detailed-supported-distros'>
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<title>Supported Linux Distributions</title>
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<para>
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Currently, the Yocto Project is supported on the following
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distributions:
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<note>
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<para>
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Yocto Project releases are tested against the stable Linux
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distributions in the following list.
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The Yocto Project should work on other distributions but
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validation is not performed against them.
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</para>
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<para>
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In particular, the Yocto Project does not support
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and currently has no plans to support
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rolling-releases or development distributions due to their
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constantly changing nature.
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We welcome patches and bug reports, but keep in mind that
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our priority is on the supported platforms listed below.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you encounter problems, please go to
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_BUGZILLA_URL;'>Yocto Project Bugzilla</ulink>
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and submit a bug.
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We are interested in hearing about your experience.
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</para>
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</note>
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<itemizedlist>
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<!--
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<listitem><para>Ubuntu 10.04</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Ubuntu 11.10</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Ubuntu 12.04 (LTS)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Ubuntu 13.10</para></listitem> -->
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<listitem><para>Ubuntu 14.04 (LTS)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Ubuntu 14.10</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Ubuntu 15.04</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Ubuntu 15.10</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Ubuntu 16.04</para></listitem>
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<!-- <listitem><para>Fedora 16 (Verne)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Fedora 17 (Spherical)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Fedora release 19 (Schrödinger's Cat)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Fedora release 20 (Heisenbug)</para></listitem> -->
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<listitem><para>Fedora release 22</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Fedora release 23</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Fedora release 24</para></listitem>
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<!-- <listitem><para>CentOS release 5.6 (Final)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>CentOS release 5.7 (Final)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>CentOS release 5.8 (Final)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>CentOS release 6.3 (Final)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>CentOS release 6.x</para></listitem> -->
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<listitem><para>CentOS release 7.x</para></listitem>
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<!-- <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 (Squeeze)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.x (Wheezy)</para></listitem> -->
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<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 8.x (Jessie)</para></listitem>
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<!-- <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.1 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.2 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.3 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.4 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.5 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.6 (Wheezy)</para></listitem> -->
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<!-- <listitem><para>openSUSE 11.4</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>openSUSE 12.1</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>openSUSE 12.2</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>openSUSE 12.3</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>openSUSE 13.1</para></listitem> -->
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<listitem><para>openSUSE 13.2</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>openSUSE 42.1</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<note>
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While the Yocto Project Team attempts to ensure all Yocto Project
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releases are one hundred percent compatible with each officially
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supported Linux distribution, instances might exist where you
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encounter a problem while using the Yocto Project on a specific
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distribution.
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</note>
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</section>
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<section id='required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>
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<title>Required Packages for the Host Development System</title>
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<para>
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The list of packages you need on the host development system can
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be large when covering all build scenarios using the Yocto Project.
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This section provides required packages according to
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Linux distribution and function.
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</para>
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<section id='ubuntu-packages'>
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<title>Ubuntu and Debian</title>
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<para>
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The following list shows the required packages by function
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given a supported Ubuntu or Debian Linux distribution:
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<note>
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If your build system has the
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<filename>oss4-dev</filename> package installed, you
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might experience QEMU build failures due to the package
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installing its own custom
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<filename>/usr/include/linux/soundcard.h</filename> on
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the Debian system.
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If you run into this situation, either of the following
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solutions exist:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo apt-get build-dep qemu
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$ sudo apt-get remove oss4-dev
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</literallayout>
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</note>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
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Packages needed to build an image on a headless
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system:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo apt-get install &UBUNTU_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
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Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
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support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
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IDE:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev xterm
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
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Packages needed if you are going to build out the
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Yocto Project documentation manuals:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo apt-get install make xsltproc docbook-utils fop dblatex xmlto
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>OpenEmbedded Self-Test (<filename>oe-selftest</filename>):</emphasis>
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Packages needed if you are going to run
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<filename>oe-selftest</filename>:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo apt-get install python-git
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</literallayout>
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='fedora-packages'>
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<title>Fedora Packages</title>
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<para>
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The following list shows the required packages by function
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given a supported Fedora Linux distribution:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
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Packages needed to build an image for a headless
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system:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo dnf install &FEDORA_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
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Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
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support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
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IDE:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo dnf install SDL-devel xterm
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
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Packages needed if you are going to build out the
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Yocto Project documentation manuals:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo dnf install make docbook-style-dsssl docbook-style-xsl \
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docbook-dtds docbook-utils fop libxslt dblatex xmlto xsltproc
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>OpenEmbedded Self-Test (<filename>oe-selftest</filename>):</emphasis>
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Packages needed if you are going to run
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<filename>oe-selftest</filename>:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo dnf install python3-GitPython
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</literallayout>
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='opensuse-packages'>
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<title>openSUSE Packages</title>
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<para>
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The following list shows the required packages by function
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given a supported openSUSE Linux distribution:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
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Packages needed to build an image for a headless
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system:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo zypper install &OPENSUSE_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
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Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
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support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
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IDE:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo zypper install libSDL-devel xterm
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
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Packages needed if you are going to build out the
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Yocto Project documentation manuals:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo zypper install make fop xsltproc dblatex xmlto
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>OpenEmbedded Self-Test (<filename>oe-selftest</filename>):</emphasis>
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Packages needed if you are going to run
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<filename>oe-selftest</filename>:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo zypper install python-GitPython
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id='centos-packages'>
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<title>CentOS Packages</title>
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<para>
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The following list shows the required packages by function
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given a supported CentOS Linux distribution:
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<note>
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For CentOS 6.x, some of the versions of the components
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provided by the distribution are too old (e.g. Git, Python,
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and tar).
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It is recommended that you install the buildtools in order
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to provide versions that will work with the OpenEmbedded
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build system.
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For information on how to install the buildtools tarball,
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see the
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"<link linkend='required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, Tar, and Python Versions</link>"
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section.
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</note>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
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Packages needed to build an image for a headless
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system:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo yum install &CENTOS_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
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Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
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support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
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IDE:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo yum install SDL-devel xterm
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
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Packages needed if you are going to build out the
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Yocto Project documentation manuals:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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|
$ sudo yum install make docbook-style-dsssl docbook-style-xsl \
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docbook-dtds docbook-utils fop libxslt dblatex xmlto xsltproc
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</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
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<listitem><para><emphasis>OpenEmbedded Self-Test (<filename>oe-selftest</filename>):</emphasis>
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Packages needed if you are going to run
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<filename>oe-selftest</filename>:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sudo yum install GitPython
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</literallayout>
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id='required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>
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<title>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</title>
|
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|
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<para>
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In order to use the build system, your host development system
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must meet the following version requirements for Git, tar, and
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Python:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Git 1.8.3.1 or greater</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>tar 1.24 or greater</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Python 3.4.0 or greater</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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If your host development system does not meet all these requirements,
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you can resolve this by installing a <filename>buildtools</filename>
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tarball that contains these tools.
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You can get the tarball one of two ways: download a pre-built
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tarball or use BitBake to build the tarball.
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</para>
|
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|
|
<section id='downloading-a-pre-built-buildtools-tarball'>
|
|
<title>Downloading a Pre-Built <filename>buildtools</filename> Tarball</title>
|
|
|
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<para>
|
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Downloading and running a pre-built buildtools installer is
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the easiest of the two methods by which you can get these tools:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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Locate and download the <filename>*.sh</filename> at
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<ulink url='&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/yocto/yocto-&DISTRO;/buildtools/'></ulink>.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Execute the installation script.
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Here is an example:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ sh poky-glibc-x86_64-buildtools-tarball-x86_64-buildtools-nativesdk-standalone-&DISTRO;.sh
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</literallayout>
|
|
During execution, a prompt appears that allows you to
|
|
choose the installation directory.
|
|
For example, you could choose the following:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
/home/<replaceable>your-username</replaceable>/buildtools
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Source the tools environment setup script by using a
|
|
command like the following:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ source /home/<replaceable>your_username</replaceable>/buildtools/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
Of course, you need to supply your installation directory and be
|
|
sure to use the right file (i.e. i585 or x86-64).
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
After you have sourced the setup script,
|
|
the tools are added to <filename>PATH</filename>
|
|
and any other environment variables required to run the
|
|
tools are initialized.
|
|
The results are working versions versions of Git, tar,
|
|
Python and <filename>chrpath</filename>.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section id='building-your-own-buildtools-tarball'>
|
|
<title>Building Your Own <filename>buildtools</filename> Tarball</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Building and running your own buildtools installer applies
|
|
only when you have a build host that can already run BitBake.
|
|
In this case, you use that machine to build the
|
|
<filename>.sh</filename> file and then
|
|
take steps to transfer and run it on a
|
|
machine that does not meet the minimal Git, tar, and Python
|
|
requirements.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Here are the steps to take to build and run your own
|
|
buildtools installer:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
On the machine that is able to run BitBake,
|
|
be sure you have set up your build environment with
|
|
the setup script
|
|
(<link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
|
|
or
|
|
<link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>).
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Run the BitBake command to build the tarball:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ bitbake buildtools-tarball
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
<note>
|
|
The
|
|
<link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>
|
|
variable in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file
|
|
determines whether you build tools for a 32-bit
|
|
or 64-bit system.
|
|
</note>
|
|
Once the build completes, you can find the
|
|
<filename>.sh</filename> file that installs
|
|
the tools in the <filename>tmp/deploy/sdk</filename>
|
|
subdirectory of the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
|
|
The installer file has the string "buildtools"
|
|
in the name.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Transfer the <filename>.sh</filename> file from the
|
|
build host to the machine that does not meet the
|
|
Git, tar, or Python requirements.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
On the machine that does not meet the requirements,
|
|
run the <filename>.sh</filename> file
|
|
to install the tools.
|
|
Here is an example:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ sh poky-glibc-x86_64-buildtools-tarball-x86_64-buildtools-nativesdk-standalone-&DISTRO;.sh
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
During execution, a prompt appears that allows you to
|
|
choose the installation directory.
|
|
For example, you could choose the following:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
/home/<replaceable>your_username</replaceable>/buildtools
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Source the tools environment setup script by using a
|
|
command like the following:
|
|
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
|
$ source /home/<replaceable>your_username</replaceable>/buildtools/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
Of course, you need to supply your installation directory and be
|
|
sure to use the right file (i.e. i585 or x86-64).
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
After you have sourced the setup script,
|
|
the tools are added to <filename>PATH</filename>
|
|
and any other environment variables required to run the
|
|
tools are initialized.
|
|
The results are working versions versions of Git, tar,
|
|
Python and <filename>chrpath</filename>.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section id='intro-getit'>
|
|
<title>Obtaining the Yocto Project</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The Yocto Project development team makes the Yocto Project available through a number
|
|
of methods:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Source Repositories:</emphasis>
|
|
Working from a copy of the upstream
|
|
<filename>poky</filename> repository is the
|
|
preferred method for obtaining and using a Yocto Project
|
|
release.
|
|
You can view the Yocto Project Source Repositories at
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.
|
|
In particular, you can find the
|
|
<filename>poky</filename> repository at
|
|
<ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/'></ulink>.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Releases:</emphasis> Stable, tested
|
|
releases are available as tarballs through
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/yocto/'/>.</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Nightly Builds:</emphasis> These
|
|
tarball releases are available at
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_AB_NIGHTLY_URL;'/>.
|
|
These builds include Yocto Project releases, SDK installation
|
|
scripts, and experimental builds.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para><emphasis>Yocto Project Website:</emphasis> You can
|
|
find tarball releases of the Yocto Project and supported BSPs
|
|
at the
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project website</ulink>.
|
|
Along with these downloads, you can find lots of other
|
|
information at this site.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section id='intro-getit-dev'>
|
|
<title>Development Checkouts</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Development using the Yocto Project requires a local
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
|
|
You can set up the Source Directory by cloning a copy of the upstream
|
|
<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#poky'>poky</ulink> Git repository.
|
|
For information on how to do this, see the
|
|
"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#getting-setup'>Getting Set Up</ulink>"
|
|
section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
<!--
|
|
vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
|
|
-->
|